Enhancing understanding of heritage buildings through 3D printed tactile models in BIM for people with visual impairments

This research focuses on establishing best practices for converting as-built BIM models of historic buildings into BIM models suitable for 3D printing, with the aim of serving as tactile replicas for visually impaired people. By leveraging laser scanning technology, accurate 3D reality capture data are obtained, which constitute the foundation for creating the as-built BIM model and the subsequent 3D printing BIM model. Smart objects in BIM facilitate the efficient management of project components and their replacement, enabling updates to propagate throughout the model. The case study of the Palace of Mafra demonstrates the application of these practices. Guidelines for creating 3D printing models from BIM include defining 3D printing scale, specifying simplification levels, managing project phases, strengthening delicate elements, incorporating built-in joints, and selecting sustainable materials.

This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 895320.