The painted lady in soybean production - soybean pest scouting

The painted lady (Vanessa cardui L.) is a pest of soybean in Serbia and many countries in south-eastern Europe (Croatia, Bosnia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria). It occurs also in central, western, and northern Europe (Austria, France, Germany). This pest appears occasionally, typically once in four to five years, when it can be of economic importance. It can cause severe damage in high infestation years with more than one-third of the leaf canopy eaten. However, spraying with insecticide is only rarely required or economically justified.